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Haberler Technical Pages ESP32 vs Arduino in 2025: Which One Should You Use for Your Project?

23.Nov.2025

We still get tons of messages asking “ESP32 or Arduino?” in 2025.
The good news: the answer is now crystal clear. Memorize the table below and you’ll never be confused again.

Project Type	Recommended Board	Reason (2025 reality)	Example Projects
Wi-Fi / Bluetooth / IoT	ESP32-S3, ESP32-C6, ESP32-P4	Built-in Wi-Fi 6 + BLE 5.3, 240–400 MHz dual-core, 8–16 MB Flash	Smart home devices, OTA updates, Matter/Thread
Wireless camera (720p–1080p)	ESP32-P4 or ESP32-S3 + CAM	Hardware H.264/H.265 encoder, MIPI CSI, 400 MHz RISC-V	IP camera, video doorbell
Ultra-low power (runs years on battery)	ESP32-C3 / ESP32-C6	Deep-sleep ~5 µA, RISC-V core, Wi-Fi 6 + BLE 5.3	Sensor nodes, door sensors, beacons
High-speed data acquisition (≥1 MSPS)	STM32H7 / GD32H7 / Teensy 4.1	600 MHz Cortex-M7, 5 MSPS 16-bit ADC, 1 MB SRAM	Oscilloscope, motor control, audio processing
Lots of GPIO + 5 V tolerance	Arduino R4 Minima / Uno R4 WiFi	32-bit core but 5 V-tolerant pins, old shields plug & play	CNC shields, 3D printers, legacy robots
Simple hobby projects (5 V, breadboard)	Arduino Nano / Uno R3	5 V logic, everyone has breadboards, massive library ecosystem	LED blinking, button reading, first robot
Real-time DSP / motor control	STM32F4/H7 or Teensy 4.x	FPU + 180–600 MHz, DMA, hardware timers	Drone flight controllers, inverters, BLDC
TinyML / machine learning	RP2040 / RP2350 or ESP32-S3 N8R8	520 KB SRAM, TensorFlow Lite Micro, hardware acceleration	Voice recognition, vibration analysis
USB HID / keyboard-mouse emulator	RP2350 (Pico 2) or Pro Micro	Native USB, PIO for ultra-fast HID, 150 MHz under $1	Macro keyboards, joysticks, flight sim pedals
3.3 V + tons of pins + screen + SD	ESP32-S3 (LilyGO T-Display S3, etc.)	16 MB Flash, 8 MB PSRAM, built-in TFT driver + touch + SD	Handheld consoles, data loggers
Must use old shields	Arduino R4 WiFi or GIGA R1 WiFi	Old 5 V shields work out of the box + Wi-Fi bonus	RAMPS 1.4 + Marlin, CNC GRBL shields

Golden Rules for 2025 (memorize these)

Need Wi-Fi or Bluetooth → 99 % ESP32 family
Using 5 V sensors or old shields → Arduino R4 or classic Uno/Nano
Sampling >500 kHz, DSP, hard real-time → STM32H7 / GD32H7 / Teensy
Want high performance under $2 → RP2350 (Pico 2)
Camera + Wi-Fi + low power → ESP32-P4 or ESP32-S3-CAM
Complete beginner → Still Arduino Nano (fewest headaches)

Etiketler

esp32 vs arduino 2025 esp32 or arduino which microcontroller 2025 esp32 projects arduino projects esp32-s3 esp32-p4 arduino r4 esp32 iot arduino 5v shields esp32 camera stm32 vs esp32 rp2350 pico 2 teensy vs esp32 microcontroller comparison 2025

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